The advent of this new direction for the pharmacy profession prompted an increase in the clinical coursework in the pharmacy curriculum. Unfortunately, this paradigm shift also initiated a debate over the relevance of medicinal chemistry, a basic pharmaceutical science, in pharmacy education. The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Standard No. 13 clearly states the need to provide a thorough scientific foundation for the achievement of desired professional outcomes.3 To achieve this goal, ACPE requires the curriculum to contain biomedical sciences, pharmaceutical sciences, social/behavioral/administrative sciences, and clinical sciences.3 Additional guidelines specify the medicinal chemistry requirements under the umbrella of pharmaceutical sciences (Table 1).
Medicinal chemistry is defined as an interdependent mature science that is a combination of applied (medicine) and basic (chemistry) sciences. It encompasses the discovery, development, identification, and interpretation of the mode of action of biologically active compounds at the molecular level. Medicinal chemistry may be viewed as the melting pot of synthetic chemistry and molecular pharmacology that emphasizes the study of SAR of drug molecules; it therefore requires a clear understanding of both chemical and pharmacological principles. At an institutional level in the United States, medicinal chemistry first started as the division of pharmaceutical chemistry (1909-1920), was modified to the division of medicinal products (1920-1948) and later got its name, the division of medicinal chemistry, from the American Chemical Society.16
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Partial replacement of the traditional lecture-based teaching approach with problem-based learning considerably improved the problem-solving skills of medical students by linking basic sciences to clinical practices.26 This led some medicinal chemistry educators to apply problem-based learning methodology in their teaching of medicinal chemistry content to pharmacy students. Medicinal chemistry-based case studies were developed to solve clinical problems through group discussions. These case studies led to a marked improvement in the problem-solving skills of the students, reiterating the significance of medicinal chemistry as a critical component of pharmaceutical-care directed learning.26-28 Roche and Zito developed computerized case studies emphasizing medicinal chemistry principles in the practice of pharmacy. Positive outcomes were reported for identifying relevant therapeutic problems, conducting thorough and mechanistic SAR analyses of drug product choices provided, evaluating SAR findings in terms of patient needs and desired therapeutic outcomes, and solving patient-related therapeutic problems.29,30 This teaching methodology reinforced the indispensability of medicinal chemistry in the pharmacy curriculum. This method of instruction also has been addressed in the SBTE approach.
The interwoven nature of medicinal chemistry and pharmacy are evident in their origins (Appendix 1), as well as in the important medicinal chemistry-related intellectual domains. Being a competent pharmacist requires a sound knowledge of each of these domains. By embracing the discipline of medicinal chemistry, the pharmacy profession can reap enormous benefits. Medicinal chemistry, a unique component of the pharmacy curriculum, imparts vital knowledge and critical-thinking skills to pharmacy students and sets them apart as chemical experts among health care professionals.33 This specialized set of proficiencies in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery, poises the pharmacist as the leader of the health care team in efforts aimed at providing patient-specific evidence-based care. Medicinal chemists, as the entrepreneurs and innovators of therapeutic agents, the most important armor of health care, play a critical role in sustaining the drug discovery and development process. The subject areas that are fundamental to drug discovery also serve as sources for a complete knowledge base of the diseases and their safe and economic treatments. By encompassing these into the pharmacy curriculum, pharmacists become invaluable to maintaining the health and well-being of the community. 2ff7e9595c
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